Guitar is a stringed musical instrument made of wood with some parts of the metal / metal and there are 6 ropes / strings to be played. The top and bottom of the guitar body shape of number 8. 6 Pegs or strings attached to the player who pulled the strings throughout the guitar body. Pegs / player is used for tuning the strings.The instrument is very well known. Just by strumming the strings, those people just join together. At a party you can play the guitar to sing and dance. While his own sound produced like a small Orchestra.Guitar sound has a romantic nature. Therefore, the song "Romance" is best suited when sung with a guitar. In addition to the traditional guitars, then there are several other types of guitars. For example, Hawaiian guitar that uses a slide system; then there is a guitar that uses nylon strings (classical guitar and folk guitar), and some are using metal strings (steel guitar).
A. History of guitarThe authenticity of the guitar can not be seen from its antiquity. Some experts feel this tool comes from the African continent, where many modern replica in the form of round like a clamshell box with Gut / silk yarn, in many regions of the continent. Other experts find this tool in the form of glass in an old stone reliefs reliefs at the time of Ancient Central Asia and Asia. Materials other thoughts also arise with the discovery of ancient Greek vase patterned vase. Strings Greek is probably the first tool that categorized as guitar. Possibility stems from the modern guitar Spanish guitar, but different types of guitars such as the instrument of instruments we can see dilukisan painting in Medieval times and Renaiassance that is widely available throughout Europe.Here is the place where the historic discovery of the guitar from Medieval times until the 20th century, based on the history and development.1265 Juan Gil of Zamora claimed the early history of the guitar begins from the "Ars Musica".1283-1350 Guitarra Latina and Guitar Moresca contained in the poem "Archpriest of Hita".1306 A guitar player playing in a religious place (The Feast of Westminister) in the UK.1487 Johannes Tinctoris argues that the instrument invented by the Catalans.1546 Alonso Mudarra create a composite "Tres Libros de Musica en Cifras The vihuela" involving a guitar in it.1551-1555 Nine tablatur guitar books published by Adrian Le Roy.1600-1650 Various types tablatur for guitar published. Its popularity began to rival the lute (a type of guitar as well).1674 book "Guitarre Royal" which was published by F. Corbetta which raise the popularity of the guitar. This book is dedicated to King Louis XIV.1770-1800 to the 6 strings on the guitar and it all added to a single String.1800-1850 Guitar experiencing its popularity peak in terms of performance and publication. Fernando Sor, Mauro Giuliani, Matteo Carcassi and Dioniso Aguado is the famous composers who write, teach and publish their compositions.1850-1892 A Manual Torres guitar manufacturers developing the next generation we know today.Segovia 1916 concert held at the Ateneo, which is the most famous concert hall in Madrid at the time. Previously known instrument can not be displayed on this big eventI. Development of the guitar in the East in ancientEntrusted with the history of the guitar came from the East In. There were archeolog find instruments and objects concerned with it as a benchmark in the world came from little known guitar. Among the historical objects found in Babylon, the most relevant is Plaques are made of clay (1900-1800 BC), which are shown in the figure of nude figures playing musical instruments instrument.
Some of the instruments that the instruments have a general equation that is similar to the guitar. Further analysis proved that there is a difference between the body and neck. The back of the guitar is very flat; where the back of the guitar is attached to the chest of a priest. This is enough to prove that there is no possibility of such instruments are shaped-Shaped Bowl / bowl. It is clear that the right hand was plucked string / rope strap. Unfortunately the number of strings is not clearly visible strings.But at least there are no other Plaques two strings. Proof of evidence of the instrument instrument resembling a guitar has been seen; Syria, Susa (an ancient city in the North Persian Gulf: the capital of the Persian empire).
II. Egyptian and RomanAt first, the only stringed musical instrument in Egypt is a bow-shaped harp / Bow-Shaped. Some time later, the instrument has a neck that is characterized by Frets, and may be made of yarn silk yarn / Gut dileher hanging. In the end some parts and characteristics will become an instrument associated with the guitar and stringed instruments are all instruments that have a neck, with the method of picking and subduing the head. Subsequent developments make this instrument more equal form of guitar.Instruments instruments from the Roman era (30 BC - 40 AD) are all made of wood that were previously made of goat skin. This instrument has 5 parts small earpiece. Characteristic feature is valid until the 16th century. An instrument was found dikuburan Coptic in Egypt, where are shown the basic guitar shape, there is considerable curvature in the curvature of the curve with the curve next to the back of a very flat. Front and rear surfaces are united by pieces of wood pieces that form the sides of this instrument. These characteristics can be found until now.
III. Mid-Century in EuropeThe first European stringed instrument which began in the third century AD Analysis of the 3rd century proves that the instrument has a round sound box to connect to a wide neck. This type of instrument used to continue a long time. There are also descriptions of other instruments originated in the Carolingian Dynasty which may originate from France or Germany.Instruments of this Carolingian or rectangular, has a length approximately equal to the neck, the tip of his neck a little wider and has a small string string binder / Small Pegs. In other illustrations, this instrument instrument had 4 and 5 Pegs Pegs other diinstrumen. The number of strings and the strings are plucked simultaneously in 2 ways: With a finger or using a plectrum / picker tool strings. Carolingian instrument is not changed until the 14th century.
Guitarra Latina and Guitarra MorescaThere is a difference between the Guitarra Latina and Guitarra Morisca. Morisca word brought by people of Arab descent. oval-shaped sound box and having a lot of the earpiece. At the time of his journey through Egypt, most of the people of Africa and Spain spread the main features of the design features of this guitar is the instrument instrument maker in Western Europe. The same possibility is that the first Spanish guitar is made in Europe. Only certain of the Arab influence in Spain is the beginning of the emergence of the guitar. The Guitarra Latina had curved sides, which is expected to come to Spain from several countries in Europe. This form is a type that developed into the modern guitar.Guitar achieving success has to do with the nature of the nature of the nomadic tribe of troubadours. On the way to Catalonia through the Spanish guitar over tribal Troubadours. Troubadours tribe held a section of Europe tours and performances, as well as enriching the musical culture broadly and gave a major influence in spreading the guitar on this continent.
IV. The 16th centuryUntil the mid-century information is important information about the guitar and the pedigree has been described in item numbers and images in relief reliefs. It becomes a belief on the fact that no direct and unavoidable. Beginning in the 16th century, forms of instruments are instruments that exist now are the facts straight. Guitars guitar at age 16 is distributed as the vihuela from the time of Luis Milan, Rizzio, and Guitarra Guitar Battente from France from Italy.
The vihuelaThe vihuela was from Spain, where this instrument is put together four small vihuela and stringed 5 Guitarra. At the same time comes the new tool is Lute. The instruments are favored by the nobility in almost the entire continent of Europe. Spain is a special exception. Lute has also become one with the people of Arab descent who determines the rules of its own rules. For such of the nobility felt insulted because the instrument is also used by the settlers.Then the nobility Guitarra popularize the same with 4 strings / Double-Strings. Along with its development, a guitar with 4 strings was enlarged and given the same 6 strings / Double-Strings. Rules of the game the same and with the exception of the strings into three, which was down a half tone. One is the famous vihuela player
Luis Milan, born in 1500.Luis Milan in 1535 published a book entitled Libro de Musica de vihuela de Mano Intitulalo "El Maestro". This book is a work of paramount importance to Milan. Recent data vihuela in 1700 which represents the end stage of instrument development. The instrument is made of metal engraving, vihuela has a curvature along the side of his voice deep and oval-shaped hole. Popularity of this instrument is evidence of the quantity of music that still exist. Tablatur written in this instrument, each line representing the strings and the tablatur Spain and Italy, the top string represents the ultimate in strings. While in England and France on tablatur Vihuelanya strings strings, its note values indicate various types of notes and get to the heart at the top. Sort sorts of notes is similar to the existing notes.Tablatur first published work of the Spanish vihuela by Luis de Milan in 1535, Luis de Narvaez in 1538, Alonso de Mudarra in 1546. Tablatur collection consists of the composition of the best instruments in the Renaissance in the 16th century, the golden age of Spanish vihuela music.Guitar 4 String (Four Course Guitar has 4 pairs of strings, guitar-shaped body and a flat soundboard, bridge of the lute and the back half is made but not too curved to form spheres. The instrument is sized like a guitar children)Four stringed guitar native of Egypt, one of them come from Europe and experienced many changes in shape and varied; stringed 3, 4 and 5 strings. Stringed guitar is the most popular until the late Middle Ages.4 string guitar in Italy has a tone G, C, E, A. And his tone is different in Spain notation is G, D, F #, B.Guitar 5 stringsMid-day, the existence of stringed guitar 3, 4, and 5 at the same time began to be seen. In the 15th century, stringed instruments with four double-strings soared in popularity. 5 double-stringed guitar strings are first found in an engraving in Italy. The name and type of guitar is five strings Guitarra Battente that have characterized the back curved out.Tuning for this instrument is A, D, G, B, E.
V. 17th-centuryKing Louis XIV of France can play a guitar and recognize the guitar as his favorite instrument. His teacher was one of the famous French guitar player; Robert de Visee (1650-1725). Jean Baptiste Lully was a famous composer at the time. He plays guitar and compose music for the instrument.Name the name of guitar players in the Baroque period in France have been recorded in history, for example Rene Voboam peak representing the French instrument-making in the 17th century. He made the guitar in 1641 which showed a more guitar-making beronamen. Alexandre Voboam and his son Jean also makes a nuanced guitar of the 17th century.
VI. Influence in GermanyIn Northern Europe precisely in Germany, his popularity peaked guitar; Heinrich Schutz (1585-1672), Samuel Scheidt (1587-1654) and Johann Hermann Schein (1586-1630). An example of a German first guitar that still exist to this day created by Jacobus Stadler in 1624. He has a distinctive arches and plain rear and also show the influence of Italian design. A guitar made the 17th century by a monk, John of Apsom have a very different design than other guitars. The back of the guitar is decorated with images images "Crucifixion".European guitar makers of the most prominent are Joachim Tielke of Hamburg (1641-1719). Homemade guitar decorated by materials ivory, tortoise shell, ebony, gold and silver, mother-of-pearl, wood jarcanda. Her work always has the highest quality and consistent. Beside it was part of his work is made of ivory with carved images of Genesis.
VII. Influence in Eastern EuropeIn Czechoslovakia, Koruna 'luthier' trying to adapt to the type Battente guitar. In addition there are 5 double-strings like a guitar Battente original, guitar Koruna there is one additional single-string used to play the 'Melodic Line'. Guitar guitar made by Andrees Ott, an expert instrument maker from Prague shows the influence of Italy.Polish history of the guitar is represented by Jakob Kremberg, poets, singers, and composers from Warsaw. The importance of the work Kremberg also gives us important information about tuning the guitar, is a tone lower than the tuning of the instrument of the present instrument.
VIII. Spain and PortugalOne of the prominent guitarist at the time was Francisco Corbera. He dedicates the work that he called Guitarra y sus differencias de Sonos to Philip IV, king of Spain from 1621 until 1665. But France's most prominent guitarists in the 17th century is Gasper Sanz.Sanz learn the guitar in Italy and also the organ and music history. He became an organizer in the King's Chaples in Naples. By the time he returned to Spain, he published three books about guitar music in the years 1674, 1675 and 1697. These books contain extensive teaching courses in improvisation and performance, using two main methods: Plucking and strumming. He believes strumming technique is suitable for dance music. Tuning used is A, D, G, B, E.
IX. Influence in ItalyThe main factor that popularized the guitar in Italy and who enriched the literature is the introduction of guitar picking style guitar from Spain. Because of that guitar in Italy is also known as Chitaria Spagnuola. Picking style is inherited from the vihuela technique adapted by the Spaniards for their guitars. Chitaria Spagnuola is a common technique in the 17th century and the use of "Spanish Guitar" continues to this day as the continued usage of the 17th century.Two techniques are very different from the guitar on and Plucking and strumming techniques exist simultaneously in Italy in the 17th century. Picking technique is expressed in the form of notation tablatur. Chords dedicated by the strumming of a special notation that was developed by the Italian composer composers of the 16th century and 17th century.
X. The 18th centuryIn the 18th century, an increase in the amount equal to the composer guitarist. As for some of the famous composer at the time, among others; Johann Arnold (1773-1806), Friedrich Baumbach (1753-1813), and Johann ChristianFranz (1762-1814). Most important aspects of guitar music in Germany in this century using the instrument in a variety of combinations of "ensemble". For example; guitar and flute, guitar and bass, guitar, violin and bass.
Players player and composer of 18th century composersOne of the composer is Trille LaBarre, he authored compositions for solo guitar, guitar and violin, guitar and singing. Other composers; Antonie Lemoine (1763-1877) a "Virtuoso" famous compose and play the violin. B. Vidal plays a role as a player, teacher and composer. He wrote Nouvelle Methode.
6-stringed guitar6 stringed guitar is an innovation that comes from the 18th century. The guitar came from Italy and very popular and very popular. The reason the reason is;
1. Guitarra Battente from Italy, which emerged in the late 17th century and the early 18th century, changed into 6 strings. Where any strings there are two strings (double-strings).2. In 1732, Majer JBFK create tunning on 6 stringed guitar.3. 6 stringed guitar that comes from Germany, made by Otto, is based on the Italian method.
XI. The 19th centuryIn the early mid-19th century, a renewed interest for the instrument was centered in the city of Vienna. City of Vienna itself the center of musical instruments and musicians from all over europe. Pertujukan performing musicians who gave the initial impetus which the guitar becomes a serious instrument. As Mauro Giuliani (1780-1840) the trend menginisiatifkan tour guitar for the guitarist. Then the Spanish guitarist Fernando Sor's famous Spanish Romantic era and one of them as well as the first guitarist to be invited by the London Pihlharmonic Society.
XII. The 20th centuryIs the century in which we become witness to the development of unforeseen drastic guitar as an instrument for artistic expression. Also as the only century that welcomes guitar concert stage. There are two basic reasons for the guitar popularity:
1. Diakari by a phenomenon found in the 20th century. Development of revolutionary technologies and the development of mass media communication and faster transportation and efficient is visible aspect of its aspects. Radio, television, recording industry, satellite communications, transport jet has helped to demonstrate these instruments globally. Musicians can hold concerts throughout the world in a short time. They can reach a large number spectator audience, not just the audience the concert stage but also the audience at home to watch television, listen to the radio and via tape recordings (LPs, cassettes and CDs), also via the internet. The composer, a player or listener, creating many opportunities to instill interest in playing guitar.
2. Although not as dramatic as before does not mean insignificant. This is an extension, the natural consequences of the developments that have occurred centuries earlier century. 19th Century be remembered as the century in which Francisco Tarrega (1852-1909) brought the guitar technique on a point of pure art, which has been ready to welcome the arrival of modern techniques. The renowned guitar maker like luthier Antonio Torres (1817-1892) developed an instrument with a slight variation to this day can be recognized as a guitar. Even this important event has realized the importance of the role of guitar century 20.
B. Types of guitarUsefulness of the guitar amplifier has not been used at this time. Amplification was introduced to the guitar "Dobro" / Resonator guitar Dopyera started by brothers, Slovak immigrants in America. They found the material innovation on the guitar when the guitar is made of metal material and added metal plates (Pie Plate) with a certain thickness will increase the resonant voice that 2 times 2 times larger and louder voice. This type of guitar is manufactured to be played with the orchestra and the music became very popular in the 1920s and 1930s among the Blues and Jazz musicians.Later on during World War 2 the basic ingredients guitar "Dobro" was changed to wood, to replace the metal that is very expensive, only resonatornya are still using metal material. Along with its development, the guitar continues to experience a lot of innovation in accordance with the demands of its use. But the musician Country, Blues, and Jazz started to create various types of Tone and Sound that can be produced by techniques such as guitars from Bend, Sustain, and others.Variations of sound are also encouraging the development of Rock and Roll music that arose in the 1950's. Les Paul was the first to experiment with an electric guitar sound at around 1940. The first electric guitar was a hollow-body / guitar hollow, sometimes in the form of two fruit-shaped sound hole S-Shaped at the front of the guitar body. In 1947 Paul Bigsby worked with Merle Travis to design solid-body electric guitar like a guitar that we know today. A radio repairman Leo Fender was the first to successfully mass producing guitars of this type. So there is competition between a Fender guitar with a Les Paul Gibson guitars made to date.
There are two common types of guitars that we know are:The Pick Guitar and The Finger-Style Guitar.
I. The Guitar PickThe Pick guitar is played by strumming the strings with a pick, a pick which is shaped like a flattened round fruit Almond made from turtle shell or plastic.The difference is the guitar of this type there are 2 pieces shaped sound hole S-Shaped at the front of the guitar body. Strings made of wire and connected to the tailpiece / end of string binder. Fingerboard / neck of the guitar adjacent to and is marked with lines of iron / name Frets. Frets is a place where the left hand fingers press the strings. Useful to make it easier for players to look for notes of notes and play with rhythm.Since the mid 30's, Guitar Pick has been created / changed to Contact Electric Guitar with Microphone set up under the strings or Pickups. Then the pickup is connected to the loudspeaker. The Pick Guitar and Electric Guitar is the most commonly used in Jazz music, dance bands and rock groups.
In general, the guitar has six strings; then came the guitar with 12 strings which is more commonly used in the country music scene. In the decade of the 50's, appeared with two guitar neck (fretboard); a one stringed stringed 6 and only 12 (as is often used by John McLaughlin). Then came the guitar strings 7 (as they are commonly worn by Bucky Pizzarelli), even there are also guitar strings 10. Electric guitar and growing; Solid-Body (as noted above without the sound resonance, until completely electrically sound) type of hollow-body guitars and semi-hollowed. This type of electric guitar like that commonly used in the arena of rock music / pop. Any type of electric guitar continues with the use of various kinds of sound effects.
Part of the Electric GuitarGuitar that we know in this day and age has a kind and diverse forms. But we will discuss this time is the essence of the guitar parts.
II. The Finger-Style GuitarThe Finger-Style Guitar played by plucking strings with fingers. Strings strings are made of Nylon, silk and wire. This guitar sound has a loop hole. The fingerboard has such Frets Guitar Pick but more broadly. Many works from the classical masters, including Bach and Chopin, has arranged for guitar. Guitar, both of The Finger-Style Guitar or The Pick Guitar, often a favorite for local singers songs. A form of guitar music that is popular but hard to Flamenco, Gypsy dance of Spain.
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